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AFRO-NETS> RFI: HIV/AIDS/SIDA in Sub-Saharan African military (6)






RFI: HIV/AIDS/SIDA in Sub-Saharan African military (6)
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Dear Colleagues,

I found the following on the web and have shared it with a number of 
colleagues interested in military and Africa. 

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Dear Conference Colleagues:

As a follow-up to our discussion of the effects of HIV/AIDS/SIDA in 
Sub-Saharan Africa and the ramifications of these effects for mili-
tary, economic, and political stability at the AIDS Briefs:

Military Populations: 
http://www.info.usaid.gov/regions/afr/hhraa/aids_briefs/military.html

Main points all verbatum 

O Throughout the world, military personnel are among the most suscep-
tible populations to HIV and AIDS. They are mostly young and sexually 
active, are often away from home and governed more by peer pressure 
than social convention, are inclined to feel that they are invincible 
and to take risks, and are surrounded by opportunities for casual 
sex. 

O Deployment to unsettled areas increases their chances of acquiring 
HIV, as they are exposed not only to socially disrupted settings 
where sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may abound, but also to 
the possibility of infection through wounding and contaminated blood. 

O HIV transmission is five to twenty times more likely where other 
STIs are present; peacetime STI infection rates among military popu-
lations are two to five times higher than in civilian societies. 

O During wartime, military risk (of STIs) increases by as much as 100 
times that of civilians. 

O In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, ministries of defence report 
averages of 20% to 40% HIV-positivity within their armed services, 
with rates of 50% to 60% in a few countries where the virus has been 
present over 10 years. Such attrition causes loss of continuity at 
command level and within the ranks, increases costs for the recruit-
ment and training of replacements, and reduces military preparedness, 
internal stability and external security. In this sense, HIV/AIDS can 
easily become a regional destabiliser and a potential war-starter. 

O HIV prevention has gained a new urgency with the increasing deploy-
ment if soldiers on United Nations and other peacekeeping mis-
sions.Countries contributing peacekeeping units are therefore con-
cerned that returning troops might transfer HIV to their families. 
Host-country leaders express equal worry that foreign peacekeepers 
may transmit HIV to their own people. The UN Department of Peace-
Keeping (sic) Operations recommends that training in HIV prevention 
be required of all militaries supplying peacekeepers, voluntary or 
mandatory HOV screening be employed prior to deployment, and troops 
and personnel affected with HIV and/or other STIs should not be de-
ployed. 

O As AIDS has become the leading cause of death in many military or-
ganisations, several controversial questions arise concerning the in-
terface of military and civilian populations. 

O Growth of AIDS-related deaths among young Third-World adults is 
likely to exert a highly negative impact on economic, political, and 
military stability. In military administrations especially, stability 
may be seriously undermined by depletion in the ranks of key officer 
and their potential successors. There are four more pages looking at 
Sectoral Coping Activities,Strategies to Reduce Vulnerability to 
HIV/AIDS, a Checklist, and References. 
Key contact is: 
Civil-Military Alliance to Combat HIV and AIDS
PO Box 333
Norwicj, Vermont 05055, USA
Tel: +1-802-649-5296
Fax: +1-802-649-2331
(No e-mail or website given, but I'll contact them pronto.)

Other references:

HIVInSite AIDS and the Military 
http://HIVInSite.ucsf.edu/topic/military 
Gives facts and figures, especially vulnerable groups within the 
military, impact of HIV/AIDS on the military; concrete actions to be 
taken, and HIV testing. 

AIDSScan 
http://www.thebody.com/iapac/070996.html 
Gives facts and figures (consistent with above) and examples of risks 
for US, Cameroon, Ugandan, and Vietnamese militaries.

Battle Against AIDS a Defence Force Priority, Johannesburg, RSA, 7 
Sept, 1999 
http://livenews.24.com/English/Health_News 
Quotes RSA Defence Minister Patrick Lekota "In order for the defence 
force to be fully informed on the latest developments in combating 
the disease (HIV infection), the defence force classified the issue 
as one of its ten most important strategic priorities.The incidence 
of HIV infection in particular impacts on the defence force in plan-
ning international deployments " 

Peacekeepers as Footsoldiers Against AIDS 30 Jan, 2000 
http://www.timesofindia.com/today/30worl6.html 
Quotes Ambassador Holbrook's discussion of UN Draft Resolution for 
PKO in DRC: "We now have for the first time a UN peacekeeping opera-
tion resolution that contains specific references to HIV/AIDS.The US 
would not, ever again, be able to accept resolutions that do not con-
tain a reference to instructions encouraging the UN to deal with the 
problems (HIV/AIDS)"

For on-going information on HIV/AIDS/SIDA in Sub-Saharan Africa go 
to:
http://www.africanews http://www.worldwatch.org/alerts/990607.html 
http://hivinsite.uscf.edu 
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/hivaids/aidsafr.html 
http://www.wsws.org/science/1998/jun21998/aids-j27.shtml 
http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/aids_african/part3.html 
http://www.nas.edu/onpi/pr/dec95/africa.html 
http://www.who.int/bulletin/news/vol.77no.1/africanaids.htm 
http://www.who.org/SFgate/cgi-bin/SFgate 
http://www.chc.gov/searchHIV/AIDS

That's just the tip of the pandemic. Obviously there IS much to do.

Regards to all,

Sarah Archer, RN, DrPH
mailto:[email protected]

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